Public Lecture

Probing Visible Matter With Supercomputers

Martha Constantinou

Temple University

Wed, Aug 20, 5:30–6:30pm

Flug Forum, Aspen Center for Physics

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What are we made of? At the smallest scales, matter is composed of atoms, and inside those atoms lie protons and neutrons. But these “building blocks” of matter are themselves made of something even smaller: tiny particles called quarks and gluons, bound together by one of nature’s four fundamental forces: the strong force. The proton, in particular, holds a fascinating mystery. Decades ago, physicists discovered that the proton’s spin does not arise solely from the spin of its quarks, as once believed. In fact, the complete picture of how the proton’s spin emerges from its internal structure is still being pieced together. This “proton spin puzzle” remains one of the most intriguing open questions in modern physics.
To address this theoretically, scientists utilize powerful supercomputers to simulate the strong force through a framework known as lattice quantum chromodynamics (lattice QCD). These simulations enable us to gain insight into the inner workings of quarks and gluons, helping to explain how they give rise to the fundamental properties of visible matter. Now, a new era of discovery is approaching. The upcoming Electron-Ion Collider, a cutting-edge facility to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide electrons with protons and nuclei at unprecedented precision. These collisions will act like an “ultra-high-speed camera,” capturing the dynamic inner structure of protons in ways never before possible. In this talk, we’ll explore how theoretical physics, large-scale simulations, and next-generation experiments may come together to reveal the deep structure of the proton—and advance our understanding of the universe’s most essential building blocks.
Martha Constantinou Headshot

About Martha Constantinou

Dr. Constantinou is an Associate Professor of Physics and a Physics Department Vice Chair at Temple University in Philadelphia, USA. She holds a doctoral degree from the University of Cyprus (2008), and her professional preparation includes postdoctoral positions awarded by the Cyprus Research Innovation Foundation. She was also a research associate at the Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center at The Cyprus Institute. She is a recipient of a 2019 Early Career Award from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. She received the Selma Lee Bloch Brown Professorship at Temple, which recognizes female faculty in research and service. She has been elected and is currently serving on the Steering Committee of the Electron-Ino Collider (EIC) Users Group, and the Executive Committee of the USQCD Consortium. She has also been appointed the Chair of the External Advisory Board of the EIC Theory Institute at Brookhaven National Lab. She is the Lead Principal Investigator and a spokesperson of the Quark-Gluon Tomography Topical Collaboration funded by the US Department of Energy, and she is a member of the Physics Cluster of the Committee on Science and the Arts of the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia. The committee identifies worldwide scientific and technological achievements and recommends awarding the prestigious Benjamin Franklin Medal to the most pioneering scientists, engineers, inventors, and innovators from across the globe.

Heinz R. Pagels Public Lecture Series

Heinz R Pagels was a professor of physics at Rockefeller University, president of the New York Academy of Science, a trustee of the Aspen Institute, and a member of the Aspen Center for Physics for twenty years, serving as a participant, officer, and trustee. He was also President of the International League for Human Rights. His work on chaos theory inspired the character of Ian Malcolm in the Jurassic Park book and movies. A part-time local resident, Professor Pagels died here in a mountaineering accident in 1988. His family and friends instituted the lecture series in his honor because he devoted a substantial part of his life to effective public dissemination of scientific knowledge.

Heinz Pagels

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